Born Free Foundation - Keep Wildlife in the Wild

Living things can be organised into different groups.  Species that are alike are grouped together.  This is called classification.

Class:                    Mammals

Order:                   Carnivores

Family:                  Felidae

Species:                Panthera tigris (tiger)

The cat family has about 38 different species, ranging from the domestic cat to the tiger.  They are split into ‘big’ and ‘small cats’ and in general, big cats can roar, while small cats can purr continuously.

Big Cats are special

Intelligent and agile, big cats are ideally designed to hunt, with sharp teeth and claws, strong jaws, powerful bodies, excellent eyesight, acute hearing and a good sense of smell.  Their fur coats are camouflaged to blend into their backgrounds.

Distribution

Tigers are found only in Asia, but have a wide range and can cope with the freezing low temperatures of Siberia as well the heat of tropical rainforests.

Habitat

Tigers are a forest species and their striped coats are an excellent disguise amongst the shadowy trees.

Diet

All big cats are carnivores, or meat-eaters, at the top of their ‘food chains’.  Tigers tackle large prey such as deer and even bison.

Adaptations

Big cats have flexible bodies designed for running, jumping and climbing.  Their intestines are short as they only digest meat, not vegetable matter.  Their sharp teeth are scissor-like to tear into flesh.  Most big cats hunt at night and can see six times as well as a human in the dark.  They have a larger field of vision, but cannot see colours as well as people can.

Behaviour

Big cats must defend their home-range or ‘territory’ from others.  Smell is the most important form of communication and big cats spray urine and rub their scent on trees and bushes around their territory, as well as leaving scratch marks, to warn others to keep away.

Society

Tigers and leopards are solitary creatures, living and hunting alone.  When young, their mothers teach them the skills needed to survive on their own.

Reproduction

After mating, the female tiger gives birth and rear their cubs alone.  Cubs are helpless and rely on their mothers’ milk.  As they become weaned, they are dependent on the meat their mothers catch, before learning how to hunt for themselves.

For kids factsheets on tigers and other animals, please click here